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Radiation Hazards to Crews
of Interplanetary Missions

Biological Issues and Research Strategies


Appendix A
Acronyms and Abbreviations



AFRRI: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
AGS: Alternating gradient synchrotron
AP: Apurinic or apyrimidinic
AT: Ataxia telangiectasia
ATM: AT mutated gene
BEIR: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations, Committee on (National Research Council)
CNS: Central nervous system
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA-PK: DNA-dependent protein kinase
DOD: Department of Defense
DOE: Department of Energy
DREF: Dose rate effectiveness factor
EVA: Extravehicular activity
GCR: Galactic cosmic radiation
HPRT: Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
HZE: High atomic number (Z) high energy
ICRP: International Commission on Radiological Protection
LANL: Los Alamos National Laboratory
LEO: Low Earth orbit
LET: Linear energy transfer
LQ: Linear-quadratic
MIM: Multiplicative interaction model
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCRP: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NER: Nucleotide excision repair
NRC: National Research Council
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction
PK: Protein kinase
Q: Quality factor
RBE: Relative biological effectiveness
RMS: Root mean square
SPE: Solar particle event
TGBESR: Task Group on the Biological Effects of Space Radiation
UNSCEAR: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
USAF: United States Air Force
WR: Radiation weighing factor
XP: Xeroderma pigmentosum


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