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                        Astronomy Picture of the Day

   [1]Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
      fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
                    written by a professional astronomer.

                               2020 August 11
    [2]See Explanation. Clicking on the picture will download the highest
                        resolution version available.

                         Churning Clouds on Jupiter
     Image Credit & [3]License: [4]NASA/[5]JPL-Caltech/[6]SwRI/[7]MSSS;
                        Processing: [8]Kevin M. Gill

   Explanation: Where is Jupiter's ammonia? Gaseous [9]ammonia was
   expected to be seen in [10]Jupiter's upper atmosphere by the orbiting
   [11]Juno spacecraft -- but in many clouds is almost absent. Recent Juno
   data, however, gives some clues: some high-level clouds appear to be
   home to an unexpected type of electrical discharge dubbed [12]shallow
   lightning. Great charge separations are needed for [13]lightning, which
   might be created by colliding mushballs lifted by rising updrafts of
   gas. Ammonia and water stick to these [14]mushballs which rise until
   they get too heavy -- after which they [15]fall deep into [16]Jupiter's
   atmosphere and melt. By this process, ammonia found missing from
   Jupiter's upper atmosphere reappears below. [17]Pictured by Juno,
   churning clouds on Jupiter show not only mesmerizing complexity but
   some high-level, light-colored [18]pop-up clouds. [19]Understanding
   atmospheric dynamics on Jupiter gives valuable perspective to similar
   atmospheric and [20]lightning phenomena that occur on our home Earth.

               Peaking Tonight: [21]The Perseid Meteor Shower
              Tomorrow's picture: Comet NEOWISE's Pointing Tail
     __________________________________________________________________

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    Authors & editors: [33]Robert Nemiroff ([34]MTU) & [35]Jerry Bonnell
                                 ([36]UMCP)
          NASA Official: Phillip Newman [37]Specific rights apply.
              [38]NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
                A service of: [39]ASD at [40]NASA / [41]GSFC
                           & [42]Michigan Tech. U.

References

   1. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
   2. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/JupiterChurning_JunoGill_3279.jpg
   3. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
   4. https://www.nasa.gov/
   5. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
   6. https://www.swri.org/
   7. http://www.msss.com/
   8. https://www.flickr.com/people/kevinmgill/
   9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia
  10. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/jupiter/overview/
  11. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/juno/overview/
  12. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2020-153
  13. https://youtu.be/tq_6DClZ0Ns
  14. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/juno/20200805/PIA24042-640.jpg
  15. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap171214.html
  16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Jupiter
  17. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA23803
  18. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA24041
  19. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/30/62/75/3062756a297f1e3c22e35f3fe89b3ecc.jpg
  20. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap190729.html
  21. https://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/2020/08/06/perseids-peak-watch-best-meteor-shower-of-the-year/
  22. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200810.html
  23. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
  24. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/apsubmit2015.html
  25. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/aptree.html
  26. https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  27. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/allyears.html
  28. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod.rss
  29. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/edlinks.html
  30. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html
  31. http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=200811
  32. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200812.html
  33. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  34. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  35. https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
  36. http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  37. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  38. https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
  39. https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  40. https://www.nasa.gov/
  41. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  42. http://www.mtu.edu/